当下，共享单车在国内掀起了新一轮骑行潮流，似乎手机里没有几个共享单车APP就不好意思出门~
而眼下，“中国制造”的共享单车模式也已经走向了海外，甚至吸引了苹果公司CEO库克的投资。据悉，小蓝车率先在美国加州试水，摩拜、ofo也已亮相美国。华人创办的LimeBike更是将共享单车模式带到了美国科技创新中心—硅谷。
让我们一起来感受下中国的小黄、小橙、小蓝们如何占领全世界吧~
(WSJ) Urban bike-sharingprograms in the U.S. have often been a sinkhole for investors, with low takeup rates and high operating costs requiring public subsidies.
在美国，投资者一直认为城市共享单车项目是个坑，不仅推广率低，而且需要国家补贴高昂的运营成本。
Chinese startups think they have a solution: “dockless” bike-sharing.
而中国的初创企业似乎找到了解决办法：“无桩”共享单车。
A surge of money flowing into these bike-sharing companies this year has seen an explosion of smartphone-activated two-wheelers across China’s cities. The programs don’t limit bike parking and pick up to designated docking stations, instead using public bike racks or sidewalk space, a convenience that has attracted millions of riders but also a profusion of haphazardly parked bikes clogging sidewalks in cities such as Shanghai.
今年，这些共享单车公司投入了大量资金，使得中国各大城市涌现出大批使用智能手机开启的两轮车。这些项目没有规定必须在指定的停车位存放和提取车辆，而是可以停放在自行车停放架或人行道上，这种便捷方式吸引了数百万用户，但同时也造成了大量无序停车，导致了上海等城市的人行道堵塞问题。
▲北京数千辆共享单车“包围”公交站
ofo与摩拜共享单车崛起 进军美国市场
The system has enabled two Chinese bike-sharing giants—Beijing-based Ofo Inc. and rival Beijing Mobike Technology Co.—to scale up rapidly: both each have fleets of more than a million bikes, up from a combined total of more than 100,000 in October, and operate in three dozen cities. Their valuations are above $1 billion each, according to people familiar with the situation.
这个体系让中国两大共享单车巨头——北京ofo公司及其竞争对手北京摩拜科技有限公司——迅速崛起：去年10月，这两家公司共有10余万辆单车，而现在每家公司都拥有100余万辆，业务范围覆盖到30多个城市。据知情人士透露，这两家公司的市值均在10亿美元（约合人民币69亿元）以上。
▲ofo共享单车
▲摩拜共享单车
Neither company is profitable. Representatives from both say expansion and China are the focus—with the U.S. seen as fertile ground. Both companies displayed their bikes at the South by Southwest conferencein Austin, Texas this month. Ofo, whose yellow bike business attracted Apple Inc. CEO Tim Cook to drop by its office in Beijing this week, wants to introduce a fleet of 50,000 shared bikes in about 10 U.S. cities by July this year.
然而，两家公司都还未盈利，公司代表称，业务的重点是扩张，中国是主要市场，美国也是一片沃土。3月，两家公司都在美国德克萨斯州奥斯丁的西南偏南大会上展示了自己的单车。苹果公司首席执行官蒂姆?库克对ofo小黄车业务颇感兴趣，于本周造访了ofo北京办事处，他希望到今年7月，能在美国的10个城市引进5万量共享单车。
小蓝单车进军美国
Beijing-based bike-share upstart Bluegogo International Inc., which raised $58 million in funding this year, began testing in San Francisco with 200 of its signature blue bikes. The city has a traditional bike-sharing program run by Motivate International Inc. and Bluegogo got off to a bumpy start.
北京共享单车初创公司小蓝单车国际股份有限公司今年共集资到5800万美元（约合人民币4亿元），已在旧金山投放了200辆标志性小蓝车，进行试点工作。此前，在旧金山已有Motivate国际股份有限公司运营共享单车项目，所以小蓝单车的推广之路起初并非一帆风顺。
▲小蓝单车
City officials fearing similar scenes of sidewalk-strewn bikes asked the company to obtain permits before starting its service. Bluegogo, which initially aimed to park its blue bicycles in public bike racks, subsequently altered its plans in favor of bike stations in private parking spaces, said Ilya Movshovich, Bluegogo’s vice president for U.S. operations. Talks are under way with at least five more unspecified U.S. cities, he said.
该市官员担心出现人行道上停满共享单车这类现象，故要求公司必须获得许可，才能开办这项业务。小蓝单车美国业务副总伊利亚称，小蓝单车最初意欲在公共自行车架上停放车辆，后来将计划改为在私人停车位的自行车点停放。他透露，目前正在协商在美国至少其他5个城市开展业务。
美国政府管控加强 共享单车之路受阻
Tighter government restrictions mean dockless bike-sharing companies face an uphill challenge to succeed where traditional programs have largely failed. There are 70 traditional bike-share operators across 104 U.S. cities as of last April, according to the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Some have seen their expansion hindered by a shortfall of funding or membership in recent years.
政府加强管控意味着无桩共享单车企业的成功之路面临着更大挑战，很多传统项目都已夭折。美国运输统计局数据显示，截至去年4月，已有70家传统共享单车运营商在美国104个城市开展业务，近年来，有些企业因为资金或会员短缺，而导致扩张业务受阻。
Motivate runs bike-sharing programs in 11 U.S. cities. Its largest operation, New York Citi Bike, has 10,000 bikes and chalked up 14 million rides in 2016.
Motivate公司的共享单车项目覆盖美国11个城市，最大的项目是纽约公共单车，2016年纽约共投放10000辆单车，累计骑行1400万次。
▲纽约Citi Bike公共单车
中国共享单车规模迅速扩大
Scaling up quickly is key to the business plans of the Chinese operators. Ofo and Mobike have garnered most of the more than $800 million that has poured into China’s bike-sharing startups since Jan. 1, according to Dow Jones VentureSource data.
对于中国运营商的商业计划，关键在于迅速扩大规模。道琼斯VentureSource 的数据显示，1月1日至今，注入中国共享单车初创公司的资金累计超过8亿美元（约合人民币55亿元），其中大部分由ofo和摩拜两家公司获得。
Investors say they’ve been encouraged by high demand in China. Mobike said its more than 10 million users have taken 400 million rides in 11 months since it launched in April 2016. Ofo, which was launched as a student project in Peking University in 2014, says it has 20 million users.
投资者表示，他们受到了中国巨大需求的鼓舞。摩拜公司称自2016年4月上线至今的11个月里，用户数量已超过1000万人，累计骑行4亿次。ofo作为学生创业项目，最初于2014年在北京大学启动，目前拥有2000万用户。
The bikes are aimed at commuters who need “last-mile” transportation to take them short distances from subway or bus stations. People use a smartphone app to unlock a GPS-equipped bike from a parking spot and then ride it as far as they want, for about 10 cents for every 30-minute ride in China, before parking them in designated areas.
共享单车的目标受众是通勤族，他们需要“最后一公里”的交通工具，以满足接驳公交或地铁的短距离出行。单车带有全球定位系统，可通过智能手机上的应用程序解锁，将其从存车处骑走，想骑多远骑多远。中国的收费标准为每半小时0.5元，在目的地存车后停止计费。
“You can buy a bike, but then you worry about it being stolen, you worry about where to park it and maintain it, so it is compelling to have a bike-sharing concept,” said Tay Choon Chong, managing partner at Vertex Ventures China and an early Mobike investor.
祥峰投资管理集团中国区任事股东、摩拜早期投资人郑俊聪说：“你可以买自行车，但会担心被盗、存车和维修问题，所以共享单车的提法还是很吸睛的。”
摩拜和ofo进军海外多国
Mobike, backed by Chinese internet giant Tencent Holdings Ltd. and private-equity firm Warburg Pincus, entered the Singapore marketwith its orange and silver bikes this week. Ofo has investors including Facebook Inc. investor Yuri Milner. It is already running trials in San Diego, California and Cambridge in the U.K.
在中国互联网巨擘腾讯公司和私募股权机构华平公司的支持下，本周，橙色、银色相间的摩拜单车进军新加坡市场。脸书公司投资人尤里·米尔纳是ofo的投资商之一，目前ofo已试水旧金山、加利福尼亚和英国剑桥。
Ofo and Bluegogo declined to provide details on new cities they are targeting.
ofo和小蓝单车拒绝透露关于新一轮目标城市的细节。
Some venture capitalists see obstacles. Ken Xu, managing director of Gobi Ventures, passed on the chance to invest in Ofo, concerned that people wouldn’t ride on rainy or heavily polluted days. Theft and vandalism were also a concern, Mr. Xu said.
一些风险资本家看到了阻碍因素。戈壁投资公司总经理徐晨放弃了投资ofo的机会，他担心下雨或重度污染时人们不会选择共享单车，偷窃和故意破坏也是他所担心的问题。
Zhang Yanqi, Ofo’s chief operating officer, said less than 1% of its bike fleet was lost or damaged, and that incidences will decline as users get accustomed to shared bikes.
ofo首席运营官张严琪表示，丢失或损坏的单车数量不到总数的1%，随着用户逐渐习惯共享单车，这些情况会越来越少。
Mobike said losses from theft and damage were negligible. GPS tracking devices on its bikes allow it to monitor their locations.
摩拜称丢失和损坏的单车数量可以忽略不计，车子上的全球定位系统追踪装置可以监测其位置。
As competition heats up at home—there are more than 20 bike-sharing companiesin China—the startups face rivalry in the U.S. too.
中国国内的竞争愈演愈烈，共享单车企业已超过20家。初创公司在美国同样面临竞争。
Venture capitalist Andreessen Horowitz recently invested $12 million in Limebike, a California-based startup looking to introduce a “dockless” bike-share nationwide. The startup is run by current and former Chinese venture capitalists.
风险资本家安德森·霍罗威茨最近向加利福尼亚共享单车初创公司Limebike投资1200万美元（约合人民币8269万元），该公司计划在全美推广无桩共享单车，其创始人是一位中国风险资本家。
▲Limebike
Limebike hopes to learn from missteps made by some of China’s startups by engaging with officials in 10 cities before launching its dockless bikes, said co-founder Brad Bao. That includes deploying teams on the ground to deal with issues such as stray bikes.
Limebike联合创始人鲍周佳希望汲取一些中国初创企业的前车之鉴，在投放其无桩共享单车前，与10个城市的官员进行了接洽，并安排团队处理遗失车辆等事务。
来源：华尔街日报
编译：Janet，阿狸
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